Blockchain for IoT-Based Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) …

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Fig. 3 Methodology for cyber-physical system of systems approach

nature of human behavior. The CPSoS also enables to perform the fault management

in case of any subsystem degrading conditions related to dynamic reconfiguring in

CPSoS, and issues in heterogeneous data integration and synchronization as well

[25].

In CPSoS, modeling and simulation provide vital improvement to design and

operate such systems, in addition to facilitate the ability to design complex systems

models in reliable and sufficient significantly [22]. There are some challenges in

designing a CPSoS module, which is the high cost of building and maintaining

the modules. Also, reusing the designed models and investigating their random

behavior is considered one of the challenges that need fundamental consistency

in the theoretical and design aspect [24]. These challenges fall within the domain

of large-scale re-representation of heterogeneous frames, re-representation of